Modern trends in the development of health care suggest its focus on the interests of the patient and its holistic nature, as well as deep penetration into all parts of health care information technology. The driving force behind the ongoing changes, of course, are scientific achievements, the importance of which in the development of new medical technologies and the creation of...
This review examines the latest historiography of the Soviet home front during the Great Patriotic War. The focus is on investigations into various aspects of the problem of the limit state of the Soviet mobilization system. Aimed at the super-intensive use of the country’s resources in the interests of the front, the maximum mobilization gave rise to numerous contradictions that...
The chronicle of the study of the most important aspects of the history of the New Economic Policy (NEP) over the century that has elapsed since the beginning of the NEP reforms is analyzed. Three definite periods can be distinguished in the NEP historiography: the Soviet stage, the Perestroika period, and the post-Soviet phase. At the same time, each period is characterized by a...
The state of collective farms after the 1958 Reform is considered. Radical reconstruction occurred in the agricultural sector of the Soviet economy. The collective farms turned out to be the owners of machines and agricultural tools, but without the necessary infrastructure for their work and without any experience in the organization of tractor operations. The equipment...
Debates in the ruling circles of the Russian Empire about its military spending from the 1860s to the early 1890s are considered. The positions of opposing government departments are examined and analyzed: the Ministry of Finance, the State Control, the Department of State Economy, and some other central institutions demanded to measure the costs of the army with limited Treasury...
This article is dedicated to study of the jewelry craft of Staraya Ryazan’. It has been prepared for the 200th anniversary of the discovery of the first hoard there (1822), which marked the beginning of the study of ancient Russian towns, the most important area in the science of Russian antiquities. The marks of the individual style of a craftsman who served representatives of...
This article is devoted to the issues of the colonial policy of Peter the Great in 1718–1725. Drawing on new archival documents, the author analyzes the trends in the geopolitical development of the Russian Empire in the focus of the ideology of the Jacobite movement and connects the main trends of Russia’s imperial expansion in the World Ocean with the plans for the restoration...
Some features of the historiography covering the rule of Peter I are considered. The criticism of Petrine transformations that influenced the activities of merchants and the development of foreign trade and estimated judgments about the founding of St. Petersburg and its capital status is analyzed. A statement is put forward about Peter’s reforms as the starting point of Russia’s...
This article is a preliminary publication about a jewelry hoard found in the vicinity of the fortified settlement of Staraya Ryazan’ in 2021. The items of the hoard are described, the circumstances of its finding and characteristics of the site are presented, and a preliminary analysis of the hoard contents and its dating are provided. Based on analogies, primarily from hoard...
A series of 100th anniversaries of recent years (the First World War, the Revolution of 1917, the Russian Civil War, the introduction of the NEP) has stimulated historians and representatives of related sciences (sociologists, philosophers, political scientists, culturologists, economic historians, etc.) to summarize the study of this turning point for the national history of the...
The role of the military–strategic factor in determining the main trends of the economic policy of the “Khrushchev decade” is analyzed. It is noted that the limitation of military spending after Stalin’s death made it possible to reduce disproportions in the country’s economy. As a result, the pace of its development increased and the well-being of the population grew noticeably...
In the early 1990s, strengthening the monetary system and increasing the role of money in the development of the national economy were important conditions for the transition of the Soviet Union to the foundations of a market economy. As is known, stabilization of monetary circulation and reduction of inflationary processes can be achieved both through the implementation of...
Previously unstudied documents of the Wehrmacht for 1943 are examined. The documents, kept in the Federal Archives of Germany, are used to analyze the activities of Foreign Armies East, an intelligence branch of the German army’s General Staff, in processing intelligence information from special services and preparing reports for the Supreme Command and personally for Adolf...
This article is dedicated to the factor of think tanks in the US foreign policy towards China. A rapid change in attitudes to China within the US political elite is recorded, which indirectly reflects the influence of think tanks on it. Based on the analysis of reports of leading think tanks, the evolution of their views on China is demonstrated. The main conclusion is that the...
An attempt is made to analyze the origins of the attitude of Central European countries to the current military conflict in Ukraine, as well as their historical fears and concerns that broke out against the background of Moscow’s proposals to return the European security system to the contours of 1997, which preceded the armed invasion on February 24, 2022. It was historical...
The EU sanctions policy against Russia began back in 2014 as a response to the aggravation of the crisis in Ukraine. In 2022, sanctions (restrictive measures) against Russia were significantly strengthened and acquired a large-scale and unpredictable character. The purpose of this article is to identify the essential characteristics of the EU anti-Russian sanctions and to...
The European Union’s successive enlargements had a qualitative impact on the nature of the integration organization, entailing changes in the agenda and priorities, institutions, and decision-making process and also changing the attitude of other international actors towards the European Union. The EU’s decision to grant candidate status to Ukraine reflects a fundamental change...
A brief comparative analysis of US and Chinese infrastructure projects is provided. The world-system approach, which sets the objective possibilities and limitations of the strategies of the United States and China as interconnected parts of the world economy and politics, was chosen as the methodological basis. The first part of this article describes the world-system approach...
The legal support and existing and potential contours and examples of international cooperation in the field of hydrogen energy are discussed. Based on study and analysis of international “hydrogen” initiatives and international organizations the activities of which partly extend to hydrogen, as well as interactions in the field of hydrogen energy within the framework of regional...
The author examines the role of the European Social Dialogue (ESD) in decision-making on social policy and labor relations at supranational level in the EU. The author looks into the history and distinctive features of the ESD, its formats, procedures, and legal framework. Based on a review of the institutionalization of social dialogue at the national level in the EU-27, the...
The author offers a general comparative overview of the relations of three key countries—Russia, China, and the United States. A new geopolitical picture of the world is presented with three centers of power. The triangle evolves, changing the potential of each of its sides. The three-party relationships are not equipollent. China is building up its economic, nuclear, and...
The principle of monocentrism in building a picture of the social world is opposed to the principle of polycentrism. Certain trends substantiating the principle of monocentrism, on the one hand, and the principle of polycentrism, on the other, are considered. The justification of monocentrism is universalism—of man, human consciousness, human history. In anthropology...
Recent developments in expert discourse regarding transformations of the welfare state and its future are discussed. The research field embraces international organizations’ visions and national strategic program documents of members of the Wellbeing Economy Governments partnership (New Zealand, Scotland, Iceland, Wales, and Finland), international rankings data, expert...