Reduction of biomass production coefficient is an ideal solution for the reduction of excess sludge especially in industrial wastewater treatment plants. Studies were carried out in two sequencing batch reactors, which were controlled online. After presenting a stable situation in reactors, during 24 months of the study, sampling and examining of chemical oxygen demand (COD...
Palm oil mills are generally self-sufficient in terms of energy. However, burning of biomass fuel in a boiler has generated serious air pollution problem due to inappropriate boiler operation and inefficient dust collection system. This study aims to simulate the total dust emission from palm oil mills in Malaysia by modelling biomass fuel composition and dust collector...
Jatropha curcas L. seeds as a raw material for biodiesel production is a rapidly growing interest over the world because of its high oil content, ecological adaptability, and excellent fuel properties. Though there is an increase in productivity of biodiesel, showing solution for future energy insecurity, there still remains some concern for commercialization due to its...
The sugarcane agro-industry is seen as a great opportunity for economic and industrial development in many sugarcane-producing countries. Important changes happening in recent decades have converted the sugar mill from being just a food producer into a diversified production factory. The sugar mill has become a multipurpose factory since it produces food, energy, and biofuels at...
Penetration of distributed generation (DG) units in distribution network has increased rapidly stimulated by reduced network power loss, improved bus voltage profile, and better power quality. Appropriate size and allocation of DG units play a significant role to get beneficial effects. The objective of this study is to demonstrate a simple and fast technique to determine...
A 10.3-kW single-cylinder water-cooled direct-injection diesel engine was evaluated using blends of biodiesel (B10 and B20) obtained from a mixture of mahua and simarouba oils (50:50) with high-speed diesel (HSD) in terms of brake specific fuel consumption, brake thermal efficiency, and exhaust gas temperature and emissions such as CO, HC, and NO x . Based on performance and...
Solar collector and concentrator system can be used for industrial process heat application in various industries. Apart from the low temperature applications, there are several potential fields of application for solar thermal energy at medium-high temperatures (80°C to 300°C). This paper describes the experimental results of the prototype parabolic trough made of fiberglass...
In this study, an attempt has been made to develop a new correlation for the productivity of a single-basin double-slope solar still using experimental results obtained for different brine depths (0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, 0.05, and 0.06 m) in the basin in Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India. The proposed correlation has been validated with the experimental results for one of the typical...
This study is aimed to evaluate and compare environmental impacts of various food waste management systems: anaerobic digestion, co-digestion with sewage sludge, and volume reduction using a garbage dryer followed by incineration from generation to final disposal. An environmental credit using life cycle assessment was employed to compare by-products. The entire disposal process...
Technical electricity generation assessment and economic analysis of six wind energy conversion systems in the categories small, medium, and large (with power ratings of 20, 35, 275, 500, 1,000, and 2,000 kW) were examined in this study. Electricity cost values were estimated based on the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) and present value cost (PVC) methods for six locations...
In this project, a study was made to obtain low cost building materials using industrial wastes (welding and furnace slags). The objective of the study is to use these wastes in low-cost construction with adequate compressive strength. Different fine aggregate replacements have been studied by substituting 5%, 10%, and 15% of slag. The waste material was substituted for...
Accurate wind speed modeling is critical in estimating wind energy potential for harnessing wind power effectively. The quality of wind speed assessment depends on the capability of chosen probability density function (PDF) to describe the measured wind speed frequency distribution. The objective of this study is to describe (model) wind speed characteristics using three mixture...
Heterogeneous catalysts are promising catalyst for the transesterification reaction of vegetable oils to produce biodiesel. In this study, the Pomacea sp. shell was used as the raw material for CaO catalyst. The calcination of Pomacea sp. shell was conducted at 900°C for 2 h. The raw material and the resulting CaO catalyst were characterized using X-ray diffraction, X-ray...
In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in finding innovative solutions for the efficient removal of contaminants from water, soil, and air. The present study reviews the adsorptive removal of catechol (C), resorcinol (R), hydroquinone (HQ), and their derivatives from various adsorbents. As an effective, efficient, and economic approach for water purification...
Natural resource scarcity and the effects of environmental destruction have pushed societies to use and reuse resources more efficiently. Waste should no longer be seen as a burden but rather as another source of material such as energy fuel. This study analyzes the potential of three waste management scenarios that include the combination of four waste management technologies...
Access to safe drinking water is important as a health and development issue at national, regional, and local levels. About one billion people do not have healthy drinking water. More than six million people (about two million children) die because of diarrhea which is caused by polluted water. Developing countries pay a high cost to import chemicals including polyaluminium...
There is a pressing need in the energy industry to develop technologies capable of reducing the environmental impact during oil and gas drilling operations. However, these technologies have not been fully integrated into a decision-making system that can reflect a quantitative effort toward this goal. This paper introduces two quantitative decision methods for the selection of...
An effort has been made to develop an equation with the given data for all seasons for a location (Lucknow, India) consisting of composite climate, which is further helpful in developing a relation between difference in efficiencies of module with respect to thicknesses of dust collected on the module. This equation that is developed mathematically is in good correlation with the...
A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis has been conducted to find the pressure losses for dividing and combining fluid flow through a tee junction of a solar collector manifold. Simulations are performed for a range of flow ratios and Reynolds numbers, and equations are developed for pressure loss coefficients at junctions. A theoretical model based on successive...
This paper analyses energy utilisation in the transportation sector of Nigeria using exergy methods. The sector is dominated by the road subsector, with a share ranging from 70.65% in 1990 to 97.51% in the year 2005 and a mean of 88.44%. The road subsector is still the most efficient, with energy efficiency values that range from 9.93% in 1990 to 19.19% in 1986. The corresponding...
Ferrous block metals are used frequently in large quantities in various sectors of industry for making automotive, furniture, electrical and mechanical items, body parts for consumables, and so forth. During the manufacturing stage, the block metals are subjected to some form of material removal process either through turning, grinding, milling, or drilling operations to obtain...
Moderate or intense low-oxygen dilution (MILD) combustion has been acknowledged as one of the most interesting combustion technologies to meet both the targets of high process efficiency and low pollutant emissions. Therefore, the potential for its implementation in gas turbine combustors is investigated in recent research activities. In the MILD combustion regime, we find that...
In the absence of the widespread distribution of modern cooking fuels in developing countries, efforts are being made to utilise biomass residues which abound in most of these countries. This is intended to replace portions of firewood and charcoal and thereby reduce the cutting down of forests for fuel purposes. Briquettes from agro-residues have therefore been promoted as a...
Biodiesel can be produced from vegetable oils and also from waste fats. Biodiesel is a mono-alkyl-ester of long chain fatty acids derived from renewable feedstock such as vegetable oils by transesterification process. The esterified cotton seed oil, pungam oil, rice bran oil, and tamanu oil are chosen as the alternative fuels. Among these oils, tamanu oil is considered for the...
Algeria has created a green momentum by launching an ambitious program to develop renewable energies and promote energy efficiency. Solid waste is one of most important sources of biomass potential in Algeria, which can be used as renewable energy sources. With economic development and the evolution of population, the quantity of solid waste is increasing rapidly in Algeria...