The aim of this paper is to analyse the political and legal philosophy of Anacharsis Cloots, a Prussian-born French philosopher, through the constructs characteristic of Carl Schmitt’s philosophy, i.e. political theology and sovereignty. The author of the paper undertakes historiosophical criticism, which takes up the theological dilemmas in a strongly atheistic argumentation of...
Louise Glück repeatedly refers to the Bible and classical mythology, even when writing about poignantly personal issues. Far from being mere high-brow literary embellishments, these cultural quotes and intertextual analogs testify to Glück’s consistent attempt to transcend the traditionally personalist scope of lyric poetry. Such a resolutely transpersonal perspective is...
The transfer of so-called traditional journalistic genres to the Internet usually results in significant changes to their distinctive features. A good example is the Internet report, which simultaneously uses various forms of communication with recipients (e.g. text, film, image) and becomes both multimedia and intertextual material, which results in its hypertextual character...
The purpose of this paper is to examine the discursive construction of persuasiveness in media language on the basis of the genre ‘film review,’ which is relatively rarely analysed. Thanks to a study of eighty reviews for three popular French comedies “Intouchables” (2011), “Qu’est-ce qu’on a fait au Bon Dieu?” (2014) and “Le sens de la fête” (2017) several invariant persuasive...
The article discusses the question of traditional images in Greek epic poetry, which are based on metonymy, coexisting with themes and type-scenes and stabilising the epic song. Firstly, I present a sketch of oral theory, originally presented by M. Parry and A. Lord. Secondly, I deal with the question of the type-scenes in Homeric epics and Russian oral epic songs—the middle...
This article deals with autobiographical remarks and autobiographies written in medieval England, either by English authors or by authors who came to England (mainly from France), as well as by authors that were born in England but moved (or had to move) abroad (mainly to France). The survey is broad in that it takes not only Old and Middle English texts into account, but also...
The author of the article describes the effects of the personalized advertising of the iPhone X and considers the functional world of smartphones – the essence of this device and the spiritual and physiological changes caused by it. Hand-held smartphones have become a tool and object shaping the personality and character of the cybercommunication user, separating him from classic...
This case study outlines the meaning of sound in folk beliefs and the apotropaic function of musical tools and instruments of different regions of the world. Furthermore, the aim of the article is to show the transformation of significance of an instrument—the wakat—in the broader context of folk beliefs about sound as a power that averts evil influences or bad luck. This...
This paper aims to offer some examples of and reflections on how teachers can go beyond the traditional pedagogy of English literature used in Italian secondary schools (licei) in order to provide students with a wider view of World Literature in English (WLE). Since one of the main tasks of schooling is to teach students how to “go beyond” limits, it is essential in our...
The paper provides a brief summary of the Old Norse Grettis Saga and examines it in terms of research aspects outside of the field of literary studies. It highlights the historical, cultural, social, and religious contexts of the work, giving explanation as to where indications of them can be found in the saga. At the same time it tries to explain some of the more obscure aspects...
For a range of reasons, there has been a tendency to preach a dearth of interest in the ways writers assert their authorship, constructing individual and collective writerly identities to voice their authorial intentions. While some theoreticians and philosophers, evoking the ghost of biographical positivism, promoted anti-authorialism, postmodernity was immersed in intertextual...
In the context of a long-term project of collecting and cataloguing the alliterating word-pairs in the earliest stages of German, i.e. Old and Middle High German, the role of word-pairs of legal origin and-/-or context has been repeatedly addressed. Alliteration is defined according to the Germanic tradition of alliterating only stressed syllables; word-pairs as terms joined by...
The publications of the short story “Das vierte Tor” (“The Fourth Gate”, 1945) and the novel Die größere Hoffnung(The Greater Hope, 1948) by Ilse Aichinger mark the beginning of post-war Austrian literature. Like several of her contemporaries, including Paul Celan, Ingeborg Bachmann and Milo Dor, Aichinger was part of a generation of survivors of the atrocities of war and...
The aim of this article is to show the course of medical studies of Stanisław Przybyszewski at the Royal University of Friedrich Wilhelm in Berlin with respect to the possibilities of him acquiring knowledge about mental illnesses that could have been used by this Polish-German writer in his subsequent novels to create protagonists immersed in madness. The author of the article...
Malta is a small European island with over 440,000 citizens inhabiting the area of 316 square kilometers. Despite the geographical restriction, Malta has a highly interesting linguistic situation. Throughout the centuries, Malta was conquered and inhabited by numerous nations.In consequence, Maltese developed in the situations of constant language contact, which is traceable in...
The very text is directly related to the text entitled “On the Process of Translation of a Literary Text. A Case Study of “Edzio” by Bruno Schulz (an overview of an exercise)” published a year ago (see Chruszczewski 2019). “The vast majority of texts regarding a number of issues connected with the notion of translation describe the translated text as a product – that is another...
Born into a family boasting eminent educators—William Greenleaf Eliot, founder of Washington University in St. Louis, and Charles William Eliot, famous Harvard President—T.S. Eliot joined the debate about schools and universities early on, in the era of the great educational reform leading to the development of the system of elective courses. He criticized the changes and the...
Although noun phrase modification and its evolution in early English writings have been the subject of many scholarly discussions, none of them has compared the use of noun phrases in the same text-type (= recipes) directed at different audiences. Thus, the present paper investigates the use of noun phrase modifiers in Middle English culinary and medical recipes. The study...
This study reports on EFL student teachers’ opinions, beliefs and their self-awareness of developing 21st century skills, particularly the 4Cs: critical thinking, creativity, communication, collaboration, in the Polish educational context. A questionnaire designed for the purpose of this study was administered to 53 participants who were all student teachers of English enrolled...
(Ki)Nubi is an Arabic-lexifier creole, spoken in Kenya and Uganda. Its substrate includes a wide range of languages, of various genetic affiliations: Nilo-Saharan (Acholi, Avokaya, Baka, Bari, Belanda Bor, Bongo, Didinga, Dinka, Jur, Lendu, Lotuho, Lugbara, Luo, Ma’di, Mamvu, Moru, Nuer, Päri, Shilluk) , as well as Niger-Congo (Mundu and Zande). The adstrate languages, all Niger...
Anna Iwaszkiewiczowa (1897–1980), a Polish writer and translator, undertook to translate a theoretical text by Albert Gleizes (1881–1953), a French cubist painter. The text was published in a Polish monthly “Droga” in 1932. In the same year, Albert Gleizes came to Poland to give lectures on his concept of art in Warsaw and in Łódź. The visit was also organized by Iwaszkiewiczowa...
Instead of the cliché, “How can one be a Madagascan?,” I would suggest reversing the question, so, “How can one not be a Madagascan?”. But what would a Madagascan say constitutes being a Madagascan? The journey of the individual, marked by the awareness of a particular place – “La Grande Terre” for the inhabitants, the Red Island for foreigners − by his gestures and his beliefs...
The aim of the article is to analyze the presentation of the novel body in the literature of the second half of the nineteenth century against the backdrop of the crisis of structures that appears along with romanticism and gains strength in the second half of the nineteenth century. This was a time saturated with ideas of socio-biological evolutionism, which promote materialism...
This article analyses the narrative and formal measures which Villiers de l’Isle-Adam used in his texts to distort the message of a literary work, thereby leaving the reader uncertain of the œuvre’s final sense. Villiers developed the peculiar esthetics of reversion, which is not only based on the transformation of well-known motives and the merciless destruction of the...
Jean Giraudoux in his version of the biblical myth recounting the heroic mission of Judith reveals the art of seducing Holofernes. Judith’s discovery of carnal pleasure complicates her return to the city because the two truths, that of the rabbis and that of Judith, are exposed to a confrontation.