Virus-specific T cell-mediated immunity is severely impaired in chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) patients. HBV-specific T cells in chronic HBV patients show a low ability to produce cytokines and to exert their cytotoxic activity. A prominent characteristic ...
Cytokine storm is a main complication in the hospitalized patients, who are infected with the novel coronavirus (COVID-19). The pro-inflammatory cytokines are the main causes of the cytokine storm, however, the roles played by IL-17A, IL-23 and CCL3 are ...
Objectives: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease, that involves both pro- and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. The purpose of the present study is to investigate T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 3 (Tim-3) in RA. Methods: Plasma ...
Background: Idiopathic chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (ICOPD) is a prevalent human disease. The etiology of the disease is yet to be clarified. The main aim of this project was to explore serum levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha ...
The pathogenesis of the severity of chikungunya infection is not yet fully understood. Objective: To assess the role of the cytokines/chemokines and system of complement in the evolution of chikungunya infection. Methods: In both acute and chronic phases, ...
Background/objectives: Diagnosis of human infection by various species of the bacterial genus Borrelia is mainly reliant on serological testing, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or culture but such serological tests have been reported to have heterogeneous ...
A particular group of children developed severe multisystem inflammation associated with current or recent SARS-CoV-2 infection or contact with a COVID-19 patient in the previous few weeks. The condition was defined as multisystem inflammatory syndrome ...
Background: Monkey pox has expanded across Europe as a result of the widespread outbreak, creating a severe public health risk. Monkey pox is an uncommon pox infection that has reappeared due to zoonosis. Monkey pox has spread over Europe and North America, ...
Breast cancer is the most frequently happening cancer and the most typical cancer death among females. Despite the crucial progress in breast cancer therapy by using Chemotherapeutic agents, most anti-tumor drugs are insufficient to destroy exactly the ...
Background: The pretreatment of dexamethasone on the efficacy and immune-related adverse events of immunotherapy involving programmed cell death 1/programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD1/PDL1) inhibitors is an effective option for the first-line treatment ...
Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder with wide spectrum of symptoms and few effective therapies. Evidence is suggestive of an association between immune system dysfunction and autism spectrum disorders (ASD) ...
Background: IgA deficiency is the most common immunodeficiency disorder. Most affected individuals are asymptomatic, and since there are no routine diagnostic screening programs the prevalence of this disease has remained uncertain. Methods and materials: ...
Objective: To investigate the efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine acupotomy combined with platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in the treatment of early and middle osteoarthritis. Methods: Eighty cases of early and middle knee joint pain patients admitted ...
Background: Leishmaniasis is one of the most important infectious illnesses around the world. Given the high commonness of this disease, specifically its skin type in Iran and due to the role of the Leishman bodies in diagnosis, the aim of present study ...
A scar is a local symptom, which results from severe physical, biological and chemical damage to human skin and soft tissue. Scars can affect both skin appearance and function. The affected skin or soft tissue cannot be completely repaired normally by ...
Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) is an infection caused by the newly discovered severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The innate system is the first line of defense against pathogens and diverse infectious agents. It has been suggested ...
The new emerging virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), causes a huge burden of morbidity and mortality worldwide. One of the predisposing factors which might increase the infection susceptibility and its complications can ...
Background: Oral treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) using disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) is a challenge worldwide. Fingolimod (FTY) and dimethyl fumarate (DMF) are two approved agents for oral treatment of MS with remarkable efficacy for relapse ...
Clinical findings suggest that the urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (uNGAL) level may be a highly sensitive biomarker and predictor of progressive tubular and glomerular injury. This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the predictive ...
Background: Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), an enzyme with major role in remodeling of extracellular matrix, has been the focus of attention in some previous studies in the field of breast cancer. In the current study the relationship between matrix ...
Background: Carbamazepine is a first line treatment for focal epilepsy. Tegretol and Tegatard are two trade name of Carbamazepine. Tegretol is produced by Novartis Pharmaceutical Company, Switzerland. Recently, Raha pharmaceutical Company in Iran has ...
Bladder carcinoma (BC) is one of the most common malignancies of the urinary system in developed countries, with a high number of recurrences. The secondary lymphoid organs (SLO) are crucial for initiating the adaptive immune response. They are developed ...
Objective: ACE2 is crucially involved in the infection sustained by SARS-CoV-2, as it allows the entry of the virus into target cells while counteracting local inflammation, oxidative stress, and fibrosis. In this narrative review, we aim to discuss the ...
Background: Pharmaceuticals to inhibit mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) protein, which plays an integral role in T cell survival and function, have been used to prevent complications associated with organ transplantation. Although studies have individually ...