Effects of whole-body vibration therapy on pain, functionality, postural stability, and proprioception in patients with subacute and chronic non-specific low back pain: a systematic review

Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift, Nov 2023

Non-specific low back pain (NLBP) is a common and clinically significant condition with substantial socioeconomic implications. Whole-body vibration therapy (WBVT) has shown effectiveness in improving pain and sensorimotor function (e.g., in osteoporosis) in previous studies. However, studies had heterogeneous settings. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of WBVT on pain, function, proprioception, and postural stability in patients with subacute and chronic NLBP. A systematic literature search was conducted in the scientific databases PubMed, EMBASE, and PEDro (from inception until 17.05.2023). Only prospective controlled and uncontrolled studies were included. Outcome measures assessed were pain intensity, function (activities of daily living and physical function), proprioception, and postural stability. A total of 12 original articles (n = 821) were included in the analysis. Ten of the studies were randomized controlled trials, one study had a crossover design, and one study had a one-group pre–post study design. The studies compared WBVT vs. no intervention, WBVT vs. basic physical therapy, WBVT vs. core stabilization exercises with and without respiratory resistance, WBVT vs. lumbar extension exercises, and WBVT vs. whole body electromyostimulation training. The treatment approaches varied in terms of duration (2–18 weeks), frequency (2–3 times per week, two applications with a 2-week break), vibration frequency (5–30 Hz), type of exercises (WBVT with or without static or dynamic exercises), and vibration direction (horizontal and vertical). Significant pain reduction was observed in all 10 studies that investigated pain levels. Significant improvement in daily activity function was reported in five of the six studies that investigated daily function, while improvement in physical function was observed in all four studies that investigated physical function. Improvement in proprioception was reported in all three studies that investigated proprioception, and significant improvement in postural stability was observed in four out of six studies that investigated postural stability. No adverse events or side effects related to WBVT were reported. The majority of the included studies demonstrated significant pain reduction, improvement in physical and daily functioning, and enhanced proprioception. Improvement in postural stability was less consistent. WBVT appears to be a safe and effective treatment modality for subacute and chronic NLBP when used within a multimodal approach. Future research should focus on standardized settings including assessment methods, treatment regimens, frequencies, and intensities.

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Effects of whole-body vibration therapy on pain, functionality, postural stability, and proprioception in patients with subacute and chronic non-specific low back pain: a systematic review

review Wien Med Wochenschr https://doi.org/10.1007/s10354-023-01026-4 Effects of whole-body vibration therapy on pain, functionality, postural stability, and proprioception in patients with subacute and chronic non-specific low back pain: a systematic review Franziska Remer · Mohammad Keilani · Philipp Kull · Richard Crevenna Received: 7 July 2023 / Accepted: 25 October 2023 © The Author(s) 2023 Summary Introduction Non-specific low back pain (NLBP) is a common and clinically significant condition with substantial socioeconomic implications. Whole-body vibration therapy (WBVT) has shown effectiveness in improving pain and sensorimotor function (e.g., in osteoporosis) in previous studies. However, studies had heterogeneous settings. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of WBVT on pain, function, proprioception, and postural stability in patients with subacute and chronic NLBP. Methods A systematic literature search was conducted in the scientific databases PubMed, EMBASE, and PEDro (from inception until 17.05.2023). Only prospective controlled and uncontrolled studies were included. Outcome measures assessed were pain intensity, function (activities of daily living and physical function), proprioception, and postural stability. Results A total of 12 original articles (n = 821) were included in the analysis. Ten of the studies were randomized controlled trials, one study had a crossover design, and one study had a one-group pre–post study design. The studies compared WBVT vs. no intervention, WBVT vs. basic physical therapy, WBVT vs. core stabilization exercises with and without respiratory resistance, WBVT vs. lumbar extension exercises, and WBVT vs. whole body electromyostimulation training. The treatment approaches varied in terms of duration (2–18 weeks), frequency (2–3 times per week, two applications with a 2-week break), vibration frequency (5–30 Hz), type of exercises (WBVT with or without F. Remer · M. Keilani · P. Kull · Univ. Prof. R. Crevenna, MBA MMSc () Department of Physical Medicine, Rehabilitation and Occupational Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18–20, 1090 Vienna, Austria K static or dynamic exercises), and vibration direction (horizontal and vertical). Significant pain reduction was observed in all 10 studies that investigated pain levels. Significant improvement in daily activity function was reported in five of the six studies that investigated daily function, while improvement in physical function was observed in all four studies that investigated physical function. Improvement in proprioception was reported in all three studies that investigated proprioception, and significant improvement in postural stability was observed in four out of six studies that investigated postural stability. No adverse events or side effects related to WBVT were reported. Conclusion The majority of the included studies demonstrated significant pain reduction, improvement in physical and daily functioning, and enhanced proprioception. Improvement in postural stability was less consistent. WBVT appears to be a safe and effective treatment modality for subacute and chronic NLBP when used within a multimodal approach. Future research should focus on standardized settings including assessment methods, treatment regimens, frequencies, and intensities. Keywords Whole-body vibration treatment · Back pain · Pain reduction · Physical function · Sensimotor function Wirkungen von Ganzkörper-Vibrationstherapie auf Schmerzen, Funktionalität, posturale Stabilität und Propriozeption bei Patienten mit subakuten und chronischen Rückenschmerzen: eine systematische Übersicht Zusammenfassung Hintergrund Der primäre unspezifische untere Rückenschmerz (NLBP) ist eine häufig auftretende und klinisch bedeutende Erkrankung mit erheblichen so- Effects of whole-body vibration therapy on pain, functionality, postural stability, and proprioception in. . . review zioökonomischen Auswirkungen. Die Ganzkörper-Vibrationstherapie (WBVT) hat sich bei unterschiedlichen Indikationen zur Verbesserung von Schmerz und Sensomotorik (z. B. Osteoporose) in bis dato sehr heterogenen Studiensettings als wirksam erwiesen. Das Ziel dieser Studie war es, die Auswirkungen der WBVT auf Schmerz, Funktion, Propriozeption und posturale Stabilität bei Patienten mit subakutem und chronischem unspezifischem unterem Rückenschmerz zu bewerten. Methoden Es wurde eine systematische Literatursuche in den wissenschaftlichen Datenbanken PubMed, EMBASE und PEDro (von Gründung bis 17.05.2023) durchgeführt. Es wurden nur prospektive kontrollierte und unkontrollierte Studien eingeschlossen. Zielparameter waren Schmerzintensität, Funktion, Propriozeption und posturale Stabilität. Ergebnisse In die Analyse wurden insgesamt 12 Originalarbeiten (n = 821) eingeschlossen. Davon waren 10 randomisierte kontrollierte Studien, eine Cross-overStudie und eine Prä-post-Studie ohne Kontrollgruppe. In den Studien erfolgte der Vergleich von WBVT vs. keine Maßnahme, WBVT vs. Bewegungstherapie mit allgemeinen körperlichen Übungen, WBVT vs. rumpfstabilisierende Übungen mit und ohne Atemwegswiderstand, WBVT vs. lumbale Extensionsübungen und WBVT vs. Ganzkörper-Elektromyostimulation. Die Behandlungsansätze variierten in Bezug auf die Dauer (2–18 Wochen), Häufigkeit (2- bis 3-mal/Woche, 2 Anwendungen mit einer 2-wöchigen Pause), Vibrationsfrequenz (5–30 Hz), Art der Übungen (WBVT mit oder ohne statische oder dynamische Übungen), und Vibrationsrichtung (horizontal und vertikal). In allen 10 Studien, die die Schmerzintensität untersuchten, wurde eine signifikante Schmerzreduktion festgestellt. In 5 von 6 Studien, die die tägliche Funktion untersuchten, wurde über eine signifikante Verbesserung der täglichen Aktivitäten berichtet, während in allen 4 Studien, die die körperliche Funktion untersuchten, eine signifikante Verbesserung festgestellt wurde. In allen 3 Studien, die die Propriozeption untersuchten, wurde über eine signifikante Verbesserung berichtet. In 4 von 6 Studien, die die posturale Stabilität untersuchten, wurde eine Verbesserung festgestellt. Es wurden keine Nebenwirkungen oder unerwünschten Ereignisse im Zusammenhang mit der WBVT berichtet. Schlussfolgerung Die Mehrheit der eingeschlossenen Studien ergab eine signifikante Schmerzreduktion, Verbesserung der körperlichen Funktion sowie eine verbesserte Propriozeption. Die Verbesserung der posturalen Stabilität war weniger konsistent. Daher scheint die Ganzkörper-Vibrationstherapie in Verbindung mit einem multimodalen Ansatz eine sichere und wirksame Behandlung zu sein. Schlüsselwörter Ganzkörper-Vibrationstherapie · Rückenschmerzen · Schmerzreduktion · Funktionalität · Sensomotorik Introduction The lifetime prevalence of low back pain (LBP) is estimated to reach up to 84% and the prevalence of chronic low back pain (CLBP) is approximately 23%, with a notable 11–12% of the population experiencing disability due to LBP [3]. After an initial episod (...truncated)


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Remer, Franziska, Keilani, Mohammad, Kull, Philipp, Crevenna, Richard. Effects of whole-body vibration therapy on pain, functionality, postural stability, and proprioception in patients with subacute and chronic non-specific low back pain: a systematic review, Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift, 2023, pp. 1-21, DOI: 10.1007/s10354-023-01026-4