The Role of Closed-circuit Television in Institutional Artwork Protection as a Subsystem of Smart City

Interdisciplinary Description of Complex Systems 21(4), 390-398, 2023 THE ROLE OF CLOSED-CIRCUIT TELEVISION IN INSTITUTIONAL ARTWORK PROTECTION AS A SUBSYSTEM OF SMART CITY László Lőrincz1, * and Tamás Berek2 Óbuda University – Doctoral School on Safety and Security Sciences Budapest, Hungary 1 1 2 National University of Public Service Budapest, Hungary 2 DOI: 10.7906/indecs.21.4.8 Regular article Received: 30 September 2022 Accepted: 31 July 2023 ABSTRACT When planning the Institutional Artwork Protection of a temporary or permanent exhibition, it is not enough to adopt a template property protection plan or security protocol. In order to develop complex protection plans it is essential to consider professional specialities, since it is necessary to prepare for entirely different risk factors, hazards, and environmental conditions depending on the special characteristics of the protected work of art. In line with the smart city concept, research is also being carried out to examine the needs of smart public service infrastructure, the innovative implementation of which contributes to sustainable development and also provides security functions. In addition to describing the essential functions of Closed-circuit television, the authors also highlight the possibilities of further particular parts of Closed-circuit television systems installed in Smart City environments in the field of the structure of Institutional Artwork protection. KEYWORDS Smart City, Institutional Artwork Protection, CCTV, safety CLASSIFICATION JEL: O14, O18, R58 PACS: 07.07.Hj *Corresponding author, : ; -; *OE-BDI office, Nepszínhaz str. 8, 1081 Budapest, Hungary The role of closed-circuit television in institutional artwork protection as a subsystem of ... SECTION TITLE INTRODUCTION Artwork Protection, as a concept, covers two large basic areas: the property protection for works of art (complex protection: exhibition, storage, warehousing, packaging, transportation), and the value protection of works of art, as a stock protection (maintaining value and conditions: storage, restoration, conservation), in relation to which a number of research studies, publications and legal regulations have already been presented. The use of Closed-circuit television (CCTV) systems in Institutional Artwork Protection, both for temporary and permanent exhibitions, is supported by the fact that it is not enough to ensure that the buildings or premises hosting the exhibitions comply with basic security requirements. It is very important that they cannot be moved inside or outside the building without inspection or supervision, neither by the institution’s employees nor by other persons. Furthermore, the condition of works of art must also be protected, as it plays an important role in Artwork Protection. Therefore, the planning of Artwork Protection for a temporary or permanent exhibition is not the same as developing a typical property protection plan or security protocol, in fact, much more than that, as it is necessary to prepare for completely different risk factors, imminence and environmental conditions. When temporary exhibitions are organized, the frequency of possible risks and the extent of potential damage also changes from the beginning to the end of the project, and accordingly, the structure of the built-in protection system must be appropriately flexible, and its elements must be determined in consideration of the threats. With the development of various autonomous intelligent city systems and their expansion, innovative solutions that improve our everyday lives are being applied one after the other, and they have a direct and indirect effect on other systems and processes. Among others, this also necessitated their coordination and the development of the Smart City concept. In terms of the operation of these autonomous systems, the sensors of the IoT system play an important role, which, connected through different networks, provide various information about the environment [1]. The technology that ensures data transfer between individual system elements plays an important role in these systems’ Smart City environments. The adequate technology may be difficult to choose due to the variety of technologies applicable in the given environment and the difference in their technological characteristics [2]. CCTV SYSTEMS IN INSTITUTIONAL ARTWORK PROTECTION In terms of its basic functions, CCTV is an essential security technical tool for institutions that provide space for exhibitions. Through the design of the CCTV system it can be ensured that the circle of people accessing the images of the cameras can be well defined, and only specific people can reach these images [3]. The CCTV system is a closed video surveillance system in which the data transmission between the camera, the image recorder and the image display device takes place on a closed or open channel in such a way that the transmitted images can only be viewed by a predetermined target group. The basic purpose of a CCTV system is to observe and document the actions in such a way that it can be used later as proof in the course of a trial [4]. The views formed in professional circles must be broadened with such an approach and with a proactive way of thinking that theoretical and practical research are not only visible to one or another protection areas, or only a part of the areas, should be visible should not only be visible for one protection area or a part of these areas. The role of security cameras is not limited to monitoring the entrance to buildings or rooms that provide space for exhibitions. The cameras 391 L. Lőrincz and T. Berek provide versatile and continuously expanding capabilities to significantly expand the abovementioned role. The importance of CCTV system(s) is present from the preparation stage, in the object and room protection, through the processes of transportation, loading and unloading, to temporary storage, or even when highlighting an international example of “profiling”, and, last but not least, it has an indisputable role in the creation of “masked” area protection alarm systems. The CCTV system also plays a very important role in the protection of temporary exhibitions. Only a small circle within the group of those watching the camera images has the opportunity to control the fixed cameras of the CCTV system, as well as to review any recorded images. CCTV systems are used in outdoor surveillance systems, to monitor the environment of buildings (such as the space and environment of the Van Gogh Museum in the Netherlands for “profiling”), interior spaces and/or rooms, but even inside the transport device, container or box into which the artifact was packed. CCTV systems can be installed even to simply monitor visitor behavior and movement in an area where there is no alarm, signaling or artefact protection function paired with the CCTV system. Good preparation, prior orientation, necessary infor (...truncated)