REASONS AND REGULARITIES OF THE INFLUENCE OF MAGNETIC FIELDS ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND STRUCTURE OF DEFORMABLE METALS

45 МАТЕРІАЛОЗНАВСТВО ТА МАШИНОБУДУВАННЯ DOI 10.20535/kpisn.2023.1-4.304695 UDC 621.789 Chenjian Dong1, Yibiao Zhang2, Lei Zhang3, Kraiev Maksym4*, Geichuk Volodymyr5 Yancheng Polytechnic College, Yancheng, China 1 Yancheng Jinzhou Machinery Manufacturing Co., Ltd, Yancheng, China 2 Zhongjing Wanye (Beijing) Technology Group Co., Ltd, Beijing, China 3 Rocket and space industry, Dnipro, Ukraine 4 National Technical University of Ukraine “Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute”, Kyiv, Ukraine * Corresponding author: 5 REASONS AND REGULARITIES OF THE INFLUENCE OF MAGNETIC FIELDS ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND STRUCTURE OF DEFORMABLE METALS Background. The strength of metals greatly limits the possibility of obtaining products by plastic deformation. The electromagnetic nature of the processes of structure formation and plastic deformation provided the basis for the application of additional influence of the magnetic field. A fairly large volume of research material has been accumulated on the topic of additional influence of the magnetic field on ferro-, dia- and paramagnetic metals. The researches of recent years have an applied nature of studying the magnetoplasticity of technical alloys. Their generalization will make it possible to move from laboratory research to the development of equipment and technologies for combined pressure processing of metal products in a weak magnetic field. Objective. Generalization and analysis of the results of laboratory and theoretical studies of the additional application of the magnetic field in the processes of mechanical testing of metals and alloys. Methods. Literary review of materials of articles, monographs, dissertations. Results. Reasonable use of a magnetic field for plastic deformation of metals. The explanation of the mechanism of the influence of the magnetic field on the structural elements of metals based on the effect of magnetoplasticity has been made. The description of changes in the mechanical properties of metals and alloys under the additional influence of a magnetic field is given. Conclusions. The phenomenon of magnetoplasticity has been studied for a wide range of materials such as pure me tals and their alloys, including industrial steels and alloys. Various types of positive effects of a magnetic field on the mechanical properties of metals have been established: a decrease in the yield strength and deformation resistance, an increase in strain, relaxation of internal stresses, and a decrease in dislocation density. There is also a reverse, negative effect of the influence of a magnetic field: increased rate of hardening, embrittlement, increased creep of metals. What will be the effect of a magnetic field on a specific metal cannot be guaranteed with high accuracy. Keywords: Magnetic field; magnetoplasticity; mechanical properties; tension; dislocation. Introduction Metals are reliable structural materials due to their high strength and ability to be processed by various methods. The requirements for metal pro ducts and the intensification of processing methods continue to increase. The strength of metals greatly limits the possibility of obtaining products by plastic deformation. The impact of a complex of mechanical, electrical or magnetic energy influenced by the rheological properties of the processed metals. A number of new technologies for plastic deformation of metals have been created. Their use is especially important when processing hard-to-deform, alloyed, precious metals and high-value alloys, where even a small increase in the efficiency of the processing process is of great economic importance. The theory is developed towards a description of microand nanostructural processes of plastic deformation, atomic and electronic level interactions in metals. Пропозиція для цитування цієї статті: Ченджан Донг, Джибао Чанг, Лей Чанг, Максим Краєв, Володимир Гейчук, “Причини і закономірності впливу магнітних полів на механічні властивості і структуру металів, що деформуються”, Наукові вісті КПІ, № 1–4, с. 45–53, 2023. doi: 10.20535/kpisn.2023.1-4.304695 Offer a citation for this article: Chenjian Dong, Yibiao Zhang, Lei Zhang, Kraiev Maksym, Geichuk Volodymyr, “Reasons and regularities of the influence of magnetic fields on the mechanical properties and structure of deformable metals”, KPI Science News, no. 1–4, pp. 45–53, 2023. doi: 10.20535/kpisn.2023.1-4.304695 © The Autor(s). The article is distributed under the terms of the license CC BY 4.0 46 KPI Science News The rheological properties of crystalline materials are determined by the presence of lattice defects in them, primarily dislocations. The dynamics of their origin and movement under the influence of external stresses determines the mechanical pro perties of the material. The nucleation and movement of a dislocation is a process of interaction between atoms of the crystal lattice. This interaction of atoms is carried out due to the electrons in their outer shells by changing their structure, redistribu ting electrons from atom to atom or into the general “electron gas” of the crystal. The bonding of atoms is the result of electrostatic interaction between the nuclei and all electrons of atoms [1]. Problem statemen Generalization and analysis of the results of laboratory and theoretical studies of the additional application of the magnetic field in the processes of mechanical testing of metals and alloys. Justification of the application of the magnetic field, explanation of the mechanism of the influence of the magnetic field of the structural elements of metals, description of the change in the mechanical properties of me tals and alloys under the additional influence of the magnetic field. Presentation of the main research results The electromagnetic nature of the processes of structure formation and plastic deformation gave rise to the use of additional exposure to a magnetic field (MF). The beginning of experiments on the use of MF can be considered the mid-twentieth century [2–4], where changes in polymorphic transformations in metals were recorded, which served as the basis for the creation of the first heat treatment technologies with the external influence of MF. A fairly large amount of research material has been accumulated; there are review articles and monographs [5, 6, 11, 15, 18–21, 23] on the topic of additional effects of MF on metals, alkali halide crystals, semiconductors, fullerenes, and polymers. The research is so numerous that a separate work needs to be devoted to the chronology and systematization of tested materials. However, general conclusions can be formulated based on the opinions of many authors. There are several bright groups of scientists who studied various aspects of the influence of MF: M.L. Bernstein, V.N. Pustovoit – for heat treatment of steels [5–8]; M.A. Krivoglaz, V.D. Sadovsky, V.M. Schastlivtsev, E.A. Fokina – on phase transformations in steels [9, 10]; V.I. Als- 2023 / 1–4 (...truncated)