The Effect of Implementing Tri Hita Karana-Oriented Ergosafety on the Health Quality and Productivity of Piranti Upakara Makers

JIKM. 2026; 18 (2): 75-83 DOI: 10.52022/jikm.v18i2.1053 p-ISSN: 2085-4366, e-ISSN: 2684-950X Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Masyarakat: Media Komunikasi Komunitas Kesehatan Masyarakat The Effect of Implementing Tri Hita Karana-Oriented Ergosafety on the Health Quality and Productivity of Piranti Upakara Makers Ni Luh Gede Aris Maytadewi Negara1*, I Putu Prisa Jaya2, Gede Mahesa Paratama Dipa1 1 Occupational Safety and Health Bachelor Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, Bali International University, Denpasar 80234, Indonesia 2 Physiotherapy Bachelor Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, Bali International University Bali International University, Denpasar 80234, Indonesia Abstract Background: Ergosafety is an approach to ergonomic management that prioritizes the health, safety, and comfort of workers. Ergosafety aims to create an optimal work environment, thereby reducing the risk of injury, fatigue, and work stress, as well as increasing overall productivity and job satisfaction. The purpose of this research is to verify if the implementation of Tri Hita Karana-oriented ergosafety can be a holistic and sustainable solution to improve the quality of health and productivity of piranti upakara makers. Method: The research was conducted for six months, from July to October 2025, and adopted a quasiexperimental design with a one-group pretest-posttest design. The research subjects and the target population were piranti upakara makers in Buruan Village, Penebel District, Tabanan Regency. The accessible population was 50 workers who met the inclusion criteria. The number of research samples was 25 people, who were selected by purposive sampling. Results: The results showed that Tri Hita Karana-oriented ergosafety had a positive impact on the quality of health and work performance. This improvement was indicated by a 15.25% (p ≤ 0.01) decrease in the score of musculoskeletal complaints, a 28.3% (p ≤ 0.01) decrease in the score of work fatigue, and a 34.43% (p ≤ 0.01) increase in work productivity. Conclusion: The implementation of Tri Hita Karana-oriented ergosafety can improve the quality of health and productivity of piranti upakara makers. Keywords: Ergosafety, Musculoskeletal complaints, Tri Hita Karana, Work fatigue, Work productivity INTRODUCTION Jobs that require continuous physical activity can potentially reduce workers’ physical capacity, ultimately leading to decreased productivity and an increased risk of occupational diseases. Nationally, this problem is reflected in data on workplace accidents and occupational disease reported through the BPJS Employment Work Accident Insurance program. In 2021, 234,370 cases of workplace accidents were recorded, with 6.552 fatalities—a 5.7% increase compared with the situation in 2020.1 This increasing trend indicates that the implementation of occupational safety and health remains a challenge and needs to be strengthened across various employment sectors in Indonesia, including the informal sector, which often receives insufficient attention. One growing informal sector in Bali is the manufacture of piranti upakara. In Bali, a region rich in culture and religious traditions, ritual practice is widespread, resulting in a relatively large and ongoing demand for piranti upakara. In response to this demand, workers who specialize in producing these ceremonial objects have increased. Based on tradition, the process of making piranti upakara is generally done manually, requires high precision, and involves repetitive movements over long periods. Repetitive work activities, particularly those involving the fingers and wrists, have the potential to cause musculoskeletal disorders such as tendinitis and carpal tunnel syndrome.2 These work-related health problems not only reduce the quality of workers’ health but also impact productivity. Therefore, implementing occupational safety and health programs is crucial, even Correspondence*: Ni Luh Gede Aris maytadewi Negara Received: December 14th, 2025 Accepted: May 25th, 2026 Published: May 26th, 2026 ©2026 Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Masyarakat: Media Komunikasi Komunitas Kesehatan Masyarakat Open access under CC BY NC–SA license. Published by Public Health Department, Faculty of Health Science, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jakarta Negara, et al. The Effect of Implementing Tri Hita Karana-Oriented Ergosafety on the Health Quality and Productivity in the informal sector, to help keep workers safe, healthy, and productive. 3 The implementation of occupational safety and health has been shown to reduce the potential for workplace accidents4 and the risk of occupational diseases through an ergonomic approach.5 An ergonomically designed work environment also contributes to reducing the risk of injury and fatigue.6 The application of ergonomics and occupational safety and health concepts in the workplace has been proven to improve health levels, work productivity, and occupational safety.7 Every workplace must provide a safe environment for its workers.8 This is clarified by Law Number 17 of 2023 concerning health, which states that every employer is obliged to guarantee the health of workers, and every worker is obliged to comply with occupational safety and health regulations.9 By prioritizing ergonomics and occupational safety health and in the workplace, companies not only protect workers but also improve performance. Bali is a region with unique characteristics marked by strong local wisdom in the form of culture, traditions, and customs that are still preserved to this day. These values not only form Bali’s social identity but also serve as guidelines for community behavior in daily life. This reflects the consistency of the Balinese people in applying cultural practices to various aspects of life, including social, spiritual, and professional spheres.10 Several studies also show that the application of local wisdom values has a positive influence on employee performance11 because these values can shape work ethic, responsibility, and harmony in work relationships. In this study, the author uses the local wisdom of Tri Hita Karana as a conceptual foundation. Tri Hita Karana is a Balinese philosophy of life that emphasizes balance and harmony between three main aspects: the relationship between humans and God (Parhyangan), humans and nature (Palemahan), and humans and other humans (Pawongan). This concept has developed and is universally recognized, making it relevant for application in various work and organizational contexts. 12 By recognizing and integrating local wisdom into work processes, companies can build an inclusive, sustainable, and productive work environment. This approach ultimately contributes to building a strong work community while supporting the company’s long-term growth and aspirations. Research on the application of ergonomics and occupational safety and health to increase work productivity has grown rapidly in the field of ergonomics and occupational hea (...truncated)