Advances on Network Protocols and Algorithms for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks
Jaime Lloret
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1
3
Kayhan Z. Ghafoor
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1
3
Danda B. Rawat
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1
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Feng Xia
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3
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D. B. Rawat Department of Electrical Engineering, Georgia Southern University
, Statesboro,
GA 30460, USA
1
K. Z. Ghafoor Faculty of Engineering, Koya University
, Daniel Miterrand Boulevard, Koya KOY45, Kurdistan Region,
Iraq
2
) Integrated Management Coastal Research Institute, Universidad Politcnica de Valencia
, C/Paranimf, n 1, Grao de Gandia 46730,
Spain
3
F. Xia School of Software, Dalian University of Technology (DUT)
, Development Zone, Dalian 116620,
China
Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET) is an emerging area of wireless ad hoc networks that facilitates ubiquitous connectivity between smart vehicles through Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) or Vehicle-to-Roadside (V2R) and Roadside-toVehicle (R2V) communications. This emerging field of technology aims to improve safety of passengers and traffic flow, reduces pollution to the environment and enables in-vehicle entertainment applications. The safety-related applications could reduce accidents by providing drivers with traffic information such as collision avoidances, traffic flow alarms and road surface conditions. Moreover, the passengers could exploit an available infrastructure in order to connect to the internet for infomobility and entertainment applications [1]. The increasing necessity of this network is an impetus for leading car manufacturers, research communities and governments to increase their efforts toward creating a standardized
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platform for vehicular communications. However, VANETs
unique characteristics and special requirements excite new
challenges to the research community. To address these
challenges in both safety- and comfort-oriented applications, there
is a pressing need to develop new protocols and algorithms for
channel characterization and modeling, Medium Access
Control (MAC), obstacle modeling, adaptive geographical routing
to sparse and dense traffic conditions.
This special issue aimed to theme innovative research
achievements in the field of vehicular networks and
communications. We were seeking original, innovative and
unpublished papers related to radio obstacle modeling in urban
vehicular environments [2], VANET routing protocols [3]
(such as efficient geographical routing [4], delay-aware
routing protocols [5], delay tolerant routing protocols [6],
routing protocol using movement trends [7], etc.), adaptive
beaconing protocols [8], mobility management and handovers
[9], network size [10], transmission power adaptation systems
[11], Quality of Service [12], security and privacy issues [13],
efficient packet forwarding optimization[14], modeling and
simulation [15], etc. We also welcomed other typical VANET
topics such as channel characterization, congestion control
and resource management, medium access protocols and
channel assignments, mobility models, message
dissemination for safety-related applications, cooperative vehicular
communications, test-beds, case studies, experimental
systems and real evaluations. Our purpose was also to include
new VANET topics such as Inter-domain Proxy Mobile IPv6
in VANETs [16], Vehicular Cloud Computing [17] and
security in Vehicular Clouds [18].
We received 77 submissions and only the best 12 papers
have been accepted, which means an acceptance ratio of
15.58 %. We give many thanks to the reviewers for their time
revising and providing useful comments to the authors and to
the authors for their patience when some steps have been
delayed because of the amount of received papers.
We have classified the accepted papers in the following list
of topics:
1) Path and channel loss
2) Topology formation
3) Vehicle route prediction and vehicular mobility
4) Medium Access Control
5) Handover
6) Routing
7) Audio and video streaming
8) Security
2 Access layer
2.1 Path and channel loss
In [19], H. Fernndez et al. analyze the path loss, in terms of
the Transmitter-Receiver separation distance and fading
statistics, in two different urban environments, with different
road traffic densities and propagation characteristics, and in
an expressway environment. Based on a narrowband channel
measurement campaign carried out at 5.9 GHz, they present a
Audio and video streaming
MAC Handover
Vehicular mobility Vehicular route prediction
Topology formation Path and channel loss
Fig. 1 Papers topics grouped in Layers
vehicular path loss characterization and propose a simplified
propagation model, which is suitable for VANETs simulators
to evaluate and analyze the performance of safety and
nonsafety applications under realistic propagation conditions. The
proposed path loss model has a linear relationship between the
path loss and the logarithmic of the Tx-Rx separation distance.
They evaluated the packet error rate (PER) and the maximum
achievable Tx-Rx separation distance for a PER threshold
level of 10 % according to the digital short-range
communications (DSRC) specifications.
2.2 VANET topology formation
(...truncated)