The Resilience of the electric sector after COVID-19 and the impacts on the photovoltaic solar energy market

CienciAmérica (2021) Vol. 10 (2) ISSN 1390-9592 ISSN-L 1390-681X THE RESILIENCE OF THE ELECTRIC SECTOR AFTER COVID-19 AND THE IMPACTS ON THE PHOTOVOLTAIC SOLAR ENERGY MARKET La resiliencia del sector eléctrico tras la COVID-19 y las repercusiones para el mercado de la energía solar fotovoltaica A resiliência do sector eléctrico após a COVID-19 e os impactos para o mercado da energia solar fotovoltaica Vânia Reis de Souza Sant’Anna1 , Adriano Henrique Ferrarez2 , Maria Joselma de Moraes3 , & Juan Carlos Solano Jiménez4 1 State Secretariat of Education of the State of Minas Gerais, E. E. Dr. Raimundo Alves Torres. Viçosa, Minas Gerais – Brazil. e-mail: 2 Fluminene Federal Institute, BR 356 km 03 Oeste - District Cidade Nova - Itaperuna Rio de Janeiro – Brazil. e-mail: 3 State University of Goiás, Br 153 Quadra Área Km 99, Anápolis – Goiás – Brazil. email: 4 Facultad de Energía, Universidad Nacional de Loja, Av. Pio Jaramillo Alvarado, La Argelia, Loja – Ecuador. e-mail: Fecha de recepción: 20 de mayo de 2021. Fecha de aceptación: 15 de julio de 2021. ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION. The Brazilian electricity sector and parts of society are experiencing the impacts of COVID-19, which spreads throughout the world, paralyzing all or part of its activities. The reduction in electricity consumption leads to an analysis of the stability of the Brazilian energy matrix that serves different social segments. OBJECTIVE. The objective of this work was to carry out an analysis of the electric power generation sector and its standardization, the perspectives of its post-Covid-19 behaviour and the role of renewable energy sources, in particular the photovoltaic industry. METHOD. An analysis was made of the electric power generation sector and its standardization, the prospects for its post-Covid-19 behaviour and the role of the solar photovoltaic systems. RESULTS. Scenarios evaluated: updating of the regulatory framework for the Brazilian electric sector, the solar energy market photovoltaic, electricity consumption and the solar photovoltaic systems as a complementary source in this climate change scenario. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS. It is concluded that sustainable transitions on the planet, associated with economic growth, promote human development for a low carbon community. Reis de Souza, Ferrarez, de Moraes & Solano. The resilience of the electric sector after Covid-19 and the impacts on the photovoltaic solar energy market. Julio – Diciembre 2021 http://dx.doi.org/10.33210/ca.v10i2.365 CienciAmérica (2021) Vol. 10 (2) ISSN 1390-9592 ISSN-L 1390-681X Keywords: Brazilian electric sector, solar energy market, photovoltaic industry, Covid-19 impact. RESUMEN INTRODUCCIÓN. El sector eléctrico brasileño y parte de la sociedad están experimentando los impactos del COVID-19, que se extiende por todo el mundo, paralizando todas o parte de sus actividades. La reducción del consumo de electricidad lleva a analizar la estabilidad de la matriz energética brasileña que atiende a diferentes segmentos sociales. OBJETIVO. El objetivo de este trabajo es realizar un análisis del sector de generación de energía eléctrica y su normalización, las perspectivas de su comportamiento post-Covid-19 y el papel de las fuentes de energía renovables, y en particular, del sector fotovoltaico. MÉTODO. Se realizó un análisis del sector de generación de energía eléctrica y su normalización, las perspectivas de su comportamiento post-Covid-19 y el papel de los sistemas fotovoltaicos. RESULTADOS. Escenarios evaluados: actualización del marco regulatorio del sector eléctrico brasileño, el mercado de la energía solar fotovoltaica, el consumo de electricidad y el sistema solar fotovoltaico como fuente complementaria en el contexto del cambio climático. DISCUSIÓN Y CONCLUSIONES. Se concluye que las transiciones sostenibles en el planeta, asociadas al crecimiento económico, promueven el desarrollo humano para una comunidad baja en carbono. Palabras claves: Sector eléctrico brasileño, mercado de la energía solar, industria fotovoltaica, impacto de Covid-19. RESUMO INTRODUÇÃO. O sector eléctrico brasileiro e parte da sociedade estão a sofrer os impactos da COVID-19, que se está a espalhar por todo o mundo, paralisando todas ou parte das suas actividades. A redução do consumo de electricidade leva a analisar a estabilidade da matriz energética brasileira que serve diferentes segmentos sociais. OBJECTIVO. O objectivo deste trabalho é realizar uma análise do sector de produção de energia eléctrica e a sua normalização, as perspectivas do seu comportamento pós-Covid-19 e o papel das fontes de energia renováveis, e em particular, do sector fotovoltaico. MÉTODO. Foi efectuada uma análise do sector de produção de energia eléctrica e a sua normalização, as perspectivas do seu comportamento pós-Covid-19 e o papel dos sistemas fotovoltaicos. RESULTADOS. Cenários avaliados: actualização do quadro regulamentar do sector eléctrico brasileiro, do mercado solar fotovoltaico, do consumo de electricidade e do sistema solar fotovoltaico como fonte complementar no contexto das alterações climáticas. DISCUSSÃO E CONCLUSÕES. Conclui-se que as transições sustentáveis no planeta, associadas ao crescimento económico, promovem o desenvolvimento humano para uma comunidade com baixo teor de carbono. Palavras-chave: Sector eléctrico brasileiro, mercado de energia solar, indústria fotovoltaica, impacto Covid-19. Reis de Souza, Ferrarez, de Moraes & Solano. The resilience of the electric sector after Covid-19 and the impacts on the photovoltaic solar energy market. Julio – Diciembre 2021 http://dx.doi.org/10.33210/ca.v10i2.365 CienciAmérica (2021) Vol. 10 (2) ISSN 1390-9592 ISSN-L 1390-681X INTRODUCTION The occurrence of crises that affect the world requires an analysis of the facts, their causes and consequences, and sometimes leads people to changes in habits and behaviors that may be permanent. The Covid-19 pandemic has been imposing reflections on what, how it is occurring and how it would be preferable to invest time, money and choices. Furthermore, suppose the reflection is conduct with clarity. It is essential to look for scenarios or issues, which mirror investors in the solar energy sector, entrepreneurs or prosumers (producers and consumers) and public administration, aspects pertinent to these eventualities, such as i) What will happen to the solar energy market when the pandemic crisis passes? ii) What will be the new opportunities for the sector? iii) What are the teachings of pandemic coping? and, iv) What resources on the planet can use to implement photovoltaic technology? According to the analysis carried out by the Energy Research Company (EPE) [1], some of the parameters of the projected load review for the next few years may suffer reductions as a result of some effects, namely: a) short-term or temporary, with lower consumption of electric energy; b) permanent, of medium or long duration in the consumption patterns, with (...truncated)