Ontological Modeling of Situational Management

Цифрова платформа: інформаційні технології в соціокультурній сфері 2020, Том 3 № 1 UDC 004.02:005 DOI: 10.31866/2617-796x.3.1.2020.206096 Tkachenko Olha, PhD in Phisics and Mathematics, Associate Pprofessor at the department of Information Technologies, State University of Infrastructure and Technology, Kyiv, Ukraine https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1800-618X Tkachenko Oleksandr, PhD in Phisics and Mathematics, Associate Pprofessor at the department of Information Technologies, National Aviation University, Kyiv, Ukraine https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6911-2770 Tkachenko Kostiantyn, РhD in Economics, senior lecturer at the department of Information Technologies, State University of Infrastructure and Technology, Kyiv, Ukraine https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0549-3396 ONTOLOGICAL MODELING OF SITUATIONAL MANAGEMENT The purpose of the article is to research and consider general problems and perspectives of modeling of situational management in particular ontological modeling. The research methods cosist of the methods of semantic analysis of the basic concepts of the considered subject area (situational management). The article considers approaches to the development of appropriate ontological models. The novelty of the research is the analysis of ontologies and their application to modeling of processes of situational management. The conclusion of the research conducted in the article is as follows: analyzes the similarities of the structural diagram of the decision-making process for regulating the problem situation and the general scheme of ontological modeling. Between the elements of these schemes, compliance is established to justify the ontological approach to the implementation of situational management. The contents of the corresponding elements of the schemes are compared with the aim of revealing the mechanisms of situational management. The construction of information models © Ткаченко О. І. © Ткаченко О. А. © Ткаченко К. А 22 Цифрова платформа: інформаційні технології в соціокультурній сфері 2020, Том 3 № 1 of understanding in situational management is proposed to be considered as the task of constructing ontologies of subject areas and ontological models of situations. Keywords: subject area; system models, ontology; ontology model; situational management; decision-making process; regulating the problem situation. Introduction. Information is one of the most important resources of the modern world. Situational management of processes that occur in society, production, education and science is an important aspect of their functioning. To date, a huge amount of information has been accumulated, which is not used to the full in the organization of management, including situational. To solve these problems, ontological modeling is used. The main objective of ontological modeling in situational management is the construction of adequate ontologies and ontological models of situations. Many authors have studied various aspects of modeling processes and systems in these areas of human activity (Kulinich, 2003; Maksimov, Kornoushenko and Kachaev, 1999; Kostenko, 2016; Denisenko and Krasina, 2014). The authors of these works, in particular, argue that the simulation has an iterative nature, when each stage includes an analysis of the result obtained and it is possible to return the process to any of the preceding stages. The main text of the article. Conceptual models of subject areas (SA) can be naturally identified with ontologies. Figure 1 shows the scheme of ontological modeling of the SA. Here OMi is the object model of the i-th subdomain of SA (i = 1, ..., M), ТМj is the transformation model of SA (j = 1, ..., K). The scheme is presented without feedbacks, which allows us to understand only the sequence of stages of the simulation of software. Information necessary for situation management can be provided in the form of multimedia, texts, data bases, etc. The type, type, and degree of accessibility of source information affects the ontological modeling. Difficulties can arise in the semantic analysis of texts in natural languages. It is better to deal with structured reference data, for example, measurement protocols in the form of “object-property” tables (https://spravochnick.ru/informatika), relational data bases (https://younglinux.info/sqlite/db), etc. The incompleteness of the information can be taken into account in ontological models and/or investigated by various methods of data analysis (Rubakov, 2008). Providing in-source information in a form convenient for situational management is the task of ontological modeling. We are talking about the aggregation of being in a formal way, suitable for constructive theoretical analysis. The problem of ontological modeling can be reformulated as follows: providing the source information in a convenient form should be understood as the task of creating subject-oriented interfaces to disparate sources of information about actual, objective information. Awareness of the problem situation and the formation of adequate structures for its regulation (overcoming) contain the nature of the organization of complex system (Тkachenko, ed., 2019; Greger and Porshnev, 2013; http://www.ipu.ru/labs/lab51/ projects.htm; Smirnov, 2001). 23 Цифрова платформа: інформаційні технології в соціокультурній сфері 2020, Том 3 № 1 Fig. 1. Scheme of ontological modeling (top-down) Identification of problem situations can be based on knowledge engineering: various models based on visualization of network structures (intelligence cards, conceptual graphs, Isikawa diagrams, etc.); methods for extracting knowledge (from passive observation to “brainstorming” and discussion “behind a round table”). Ontological modeling provides visualization of models that stimulate cognitive abilities of users in the structuring of information, and are applicable for creating registers of problem situations (not only with a linear, but also with a network structure). Ontological models can be integral parts of the information model of a problematic situation, determining its corresponding aspects. Ontologies as an interface to domain information. A lot of subjects are involved in the design and management of the conceptual information technology model of the SA. Ontology is the means of their communication. 24 Цифрова платформа: інформаційні технології в соціокультурній сфері 2020, Том 3 № 1 Therefore, the stage of conceptual analysis of the ontological modeling of ontological modeling corresponds to the stage of fixing (in the form of ontology) the preferences of decision makers when making decisions on the regulation of a problem situation. Understanding the problematic situation depends on the target settings of the subjects in the process of analysis and generalization of the data available to them and reveals the semantics of information. The comprehended understanding filters and configures the data arriving to the subject. It is in this contex (...truncated)