Using Ontological Modeling by Intellectualization of Learning Processes

Цифрова платформа: інформаційні технології в соціокультурній сфері 2022, Том 5 № 2 UDC 111.1:[37.015.311:37.091.2:378 DOI: 10.31866/2617-796X.5.2.2022.270130 Tkachenko Kostiantyn, РhD in Economics, Associate Professor at the Department of Information Technologies and Design, State University of Infrastructure and Technology, Kyiv, Ukraine https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0549-3396 USING ONTOLOGICAL MODELING BY INTELLECTUALIZATION OF LEARNING PROCESSES The purpose of the article is to investigate and consider the general trends, problems, and prospects of using ontological modeling of learning, training, and education processes in the university. The research methodology consists in methods of semantic analysis of the basic concepts of the considered subject area (learning, training, and education processes in the university and intelligent technologies). The article discusses approaches to intellectualization education in the university with the help of modern systems that are based on ontological modeling and intelligent technologies. The scientific novelty of the research is the analysis of the ontological modeling use and intelligent technologies for the intellectualization of learning processes. Conclusions. The article discusses various aspects related to ontological modeling and intelligent technologies. The use of ontological modeling in the intellectualization of the higher educational institutions’ activities makes it possible to move to the individualization of learning processes, to provide students and teachers with access to the ontology of not only a separate course, but also all courses of the educational and professional program in the relevant direction, to involve employers and other stakeholders in improving the educational process. Keywords: intelligent learning systems; learning process; knowledge testing; subject area; ontology; ontological model; knowledge base; ontograph. Introduction. It is proposed to use ontological models as a formal basis for modeling earning and management processes at the university. The ontological approach to a formalized description of the structure and processes (learning and management) occurring in the higher education system contributes to the subsequent automation of these processes. The purpose of the article is to formalize and intellectualize the processes of the higher education system based on ontological modeling. Achieving this goal presupposes the intellectualization of the processes: – university management: © Ткаченко К. О. 261 Цифрова платформа: інформаційні технології в соціокультурній сфері 2022, Том 5 № 2 – personnel management (teachers (lecturers, professors) and service personnel); – students’ management (selection of applicants, distribution of graduates, monitoring and control of tuition fees, etc.); – provision of educational material in different specialties, different courses, and topics; – education (scheduling of classes, consultations, sessions, etc.); – control and monitoring of students’ knowledge in different specialties, different courses, and topics; – quality management of educational services. Ontological modeling is based on the choice of models that are adequate to the problem being solved (Sanfilippo, 2018; List, 2018). The following problems will be considered: – recruitment of students; – learning students; – control of students’ knowledge; – distribution of graduates. The choice of the appropriate model depends on the ontology of the domain (subject area) under consideration and the tasks solved (Gelfert, 2017). Any subject area is a collection of meaningful concepts and relationships between these concepts, which are presented in a certain sequence. Set of specific concepts and relations according to certain characteristics can be divided into a finite number of types of concepts and types of relations. Research results. The ontological model of information processing is considered a transformation of the corresponding component of the model. The following components change during this process: – the state of this model elements; – configuration of this model; – its vertices appear or are removed; – connections between nodes. When creating ontological models of processes at the university, the types of graphs that are currently being studied in graph theory are not enough for information processing. Ontograph G is specified by the five <V, C, K, L, AI>, where: V – set of nodes (primary elements, terms); C – set of connecting elements of the ontograph, each of which defines a certain fragment of the ontograph; K is the set of key vertices of the ontograph, each of which defines a certain class of equivalent elements of the ontograph (K ⸦ V); L is a set of labels of elements of the ontograph, each of which specifies a certain base class of equivalent elements of the ontograph. Such classes of elements, in particular, include the following classes: – nodes of the ontograph, – connecting elements of the ontograph, – key vertices of the ontograph, – ontograph labels, – incidence relations defined on the set of elements of the ontograph. 262 Цифрова платформа: інформаційні технології в соціокультурній сфері 2022, Том 5 № 2 AI is a set of incidence relations that are defined on the set of ontograph elements. All incidence relationships are binary-oriented relationships. Each ontograph G will be interpreted as the set of all elements included in its composition: G = (V ∪ C ∪ K ∪ L ∪ AI). The elements of the ontograph G include all its nodes, connecting elements, labels, and incidence relations. Set of simple connecting elements can be divided into sets: – directed, the components of which perform different roles within these bundles; – undirected, the components of which perform the same roles within these bundles. A special case of the directed simple connecting elements is a tuple. The tuple specifies a subset of the ontograph elements, in which the roles of all elements are numbered. If tuples are included in the ontograph, then among its incidence relations there should be relations “to be component”: first, second, third, etc. Bundles can be unary, binary, or multi-component. The considered ontological models of processes at the university are focused on parallel and asynchronous processing of information. With the accumulation of large amounts of knowledge, many different concepts appear. This raises the problem of structuring and systematizing this variety of concepts. To solve it, all accumulated knowledge is divided into the interconnected subject area, each of which has its own set of concepts. Each of the concepts within the framework of the subject area either performs a certain role or is a class of research objects, or is a relation defined on the set of research objects, etc. The description of each specific subject area in the field of the provision of educational services involves the definition of: – classes of objects (main, primary, secondary, specific); (...truncated)