Prototype of a Dust Monitoring Device in the Mechanical Engineering Laboratory at PGRI University Semarang Using the GP2Y1010AU0F Sensor

Jurnal Engine: Energi, Manufaktur, dan Material e-ISSN: 2579-7433 Hermana, Malik, Mukhtar, Naufal & Joewono, Vol.8, No.2, November 2024, Hal: 176-189 Prototype of a Dust Monitoring Device in the Mechanical Engineering Laboratory at PGRI University Semarang Using the GP2Y1010AU0F Sensor (1)* Rifki Hermana, (2)Muchamad Malik, (2)Agus Mukhtar, (2)Gostsa Khusnun Naufal, (3) Andrew Joewono (1,2) (3) Program Studi Teknik Mesin, Universitas PGRI Semarang, Jl Sidodadi Timur 24 Semarang Program Studi Profesi Insinyur, Universitas Katolik Widya Mandala Surabaya, Jl Diyono 42-44 Surabaya *Email: Submitted: 27.10.2024, Accepted: 14.11.2024, Publish: 18.11.2024 ABSTRACT Reducing carbon emissions is crucial for supporting sustainability in energy systems, which necessitates the monitoring of hazardous substances in the air. This study aims to design an accurate real-time air quality monitoring system for the Mechanical Engineering Laboratory, capable of tracking air pressure and providing detailed information on measured parameters. The research employs an experimental approach to evaluate the effectiveness of various variables in the experiments. The primary sensor utilized is the Optical Dust Sensor GP2Y1010AU0F, which operates based on infrared light to detect particulate matter concentrations. The analysis of dust sensor testing, conducted after burning tissue paper, reveals variations in the sensor readings. The sensor consistently reports an average dust concentration of 0.597 Kg/m³. Subsequent tests using 30 mg of baby powder per trial yield dust concentration readings ranging from 0.35 Kg/m³ to 0.38 Kg/m³, indicating that the mass of the powder does not significantly affect the sensor readings within the tested mass range. Furthermore, indoor dust density measurements, averaging 36.01 µg/m³, demonstrate that the dust concentration in the room during the measurement period is relatively low. These findings underscore the potential of the designed system for real-time air quality monitoring and highlight its effectiveness in accurately detecting particulate matter under various experimental conditions. Keywords: Sustainability, Sensor, IoT, GP2Y1010AU0F, ESP32 ABSTRAK Menurunkan emisi karbon sangat penting dalam mendukung keberlanjutan pada sumber daya energi, sehingga perlu dilakukan pemantauan kandungan zat yang berbahaya di udara. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang sistem pemantauan kualitas udara di Laboratorium Teknik Mesin yang akurat dan bekerja secara real-time dalam memantau tekanan udara serta memberikan informasi mengenai nilai parameter yang terukur. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah pendekatan eksperimental untuk mengevaluasi efektivitas variabel-variabel dalam eksperimen. Sensor utama yang diterapkan adalah Optical Dust Sensor GP2Y1010AU0F, yang berfungsi berdasarkan sinar infra merah untuk mendeteksi tingkat konsentrasi partikel debu. Hasil analisis dari uji sensor debu, yang dilakukan setelah percobaan menggunakan tisu yang dibakar, menunjukkan adanya variasi nilai yang terbaca dari sensor. Sensor ini memberikan hasil yang konsisten dengan konsentrasi debu rata-rata sebesar 0,597 Kg/m³. Selanjutnya, pengujian dengan bedak bayi seberat 30 mg untuk setiap uji coba menunjukkan pembacaan sensor debu berkisar antara 0,35 Kg/m³ hingga 0,38 Kg/m³, yang mengindikasikan bahwa massa bedak tidak mempengaruhi hasil pembacaan sensor secara signifikan dalam rentang massa yang digunakan. Hasil pengujian kepadatan debu dalam ruangan, dengan rata-rata sebesar 36,01 µg/m³, menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi debu di dalam ruangan pada saat pengukuran relatif rendah. Kata Kunci: Keberlanjutan, Sensor, IoT, GP2Y1010AU0F, ESP32 -182- Jurnal Engine: Energi, Manufaktur, dan Material e-ISSN: 2579-7433 Hermana, Malik, Mukhtar, Naufal & Joewono, Vol.8, No.2, November 2024, Hal: 176-189 I. Introduction temperature monitoring of the room, reducing the risk of equipment damage.(Zhu et al., 2021) Reducing carbon emissions is crucial for supporting sustainability in energy systems, which necessitates the monitoring of hazardous substances in the air. The Mechanical Engineering Laboratory is a designated space for conducting experiments and research related to mechanical engineering. To maintain a controlled and compliant environment, an air management system—including heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC)—is essential to ensure optimal air quality. Key parameters for maintaining suitable air quality in the Mechanical Engineering Laboratory include a temperature range of 20°C to 24°C for comfort, a relative humidity (RH) level between 50% and 60% to inhibit microorganism growth, the use of HEPA filters to purify the air, a positive air pressure of approximately 10 Pa to 15 Pa to prevent external air infiltration, and a maximum dust particle level of 150 μg/m³ to uphold air cleanliness standards (Serper et al., 2020). In another study, a system was developed for monitoring and automating room temperature and soil moisture levels within a greenhouse environment using Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) technology. The system included one node for monitoring room temperature and humidity, and a second node for monitoring soil moisture. Each node comprised an Arduino Uno as a microcontroller, an ESP8266 Wi-Fi module, sensors, and a relay. Monitoring and automation data were transmitted wirelessly to a web server, facilitating farmers’ remote monitoring of greenhouse conditions. The study's results indicated that the system could autonomously monitor and control room temperature when it exceeded 28°C and automatically increase soil moisture when levels fell below 40%. Testing revealed a maximum data transmission range of 50 meters from the node to the access point (Li et al., 2020). In a subsequent study, air quality was continuously and real-time monitored based on Internet of Things (IoT) technology. This system addressed the infrastructure, information processing, and challenges associated with designing and implementing an integrated air quality sensing system. Its objective was to detect real-time levels of pollutants such as ozone (O3), particulate matter, carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), volatile organic compounds, and carbon dioxide (CO2), while also providing overall air quality alerts. The intelligent system employed multiple integrated pollutant sensors, including gas sensors like TGS2600, TGS2602, GSNT11, TGS5042, T6613, as well as a dust sensor (GP2Y1010AUF) and a temperature and humidity sensor (DHT11). A smoothing algorithm was applied to mitigate temporary sensor errors, and an aggregation algorithm was used to reduce network traffic and power consumption. Results indicated that sensor and environmental characteristics, such as temperature and humidity, influenced measurement accuracy. Consequently, sensors were calibrated before deployment, with continuous automated recalibration. Proper sensor selection and energy effic (...truncated)