THE EFFECT OF PARENTING STYLES ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF A SENSE OF RESPONSIBILITY IN PRESCHOOL CHILDREN

JKPI: Jurnal Konseling Pendidikan Islam P–ISSN: 2655-9692 E-ISSN: 2746-5977 Vol.7, No. 2, Mei 2026 THE EFFECT OF PARENTING STYLES ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF A SENSE OF RESPONSIBILITY IN PRESCHOOL CHILDREN *1 Laisha Zahra Irawan, *2 Asep Kurnia Jayadinata, 3 Nurdiansyah 1,*2,3 Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia 1 *2 Email: , , 3 Abstract The development of responsibility character in early childhood is a crucial aspect that cannot be separated from the role of parents in the parenting process. This study aims to describe the influence of parenting styles on the formation of responsibility character in early childhood within the community of Cikampek Barat Village, RW 18, Karawang Regency. This study employed a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection techniques consisting of observation and open-ended interviews. The research subjects comprised five early childhood children aged 4–6 years and five parents as the primary informants. Data validity was examined through triangulation techniques, while data analysis was conducted using the interactive analysis model of Miles and Huberman, encompassing three stages: data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results indicate that the parenting styles applied by parents are not singular in nature but vary in accordance with family habits and communication patterns. Two dominant parenting styles were identified, namely democratic parenting and authoritarian parenting. Children raised under democratic parenting demonstrated more optimal development of responsibility character, characterized by greater independence, openness, and self-awareness. In contrast, children raised under authoritarian parenting tended to exhibit compliance driven by fear rather than by an internalized understanding of responsibility values. This study affirms that an appropriate parenting style, one that integrates warmth, effective communication, and reasonable supervision, is proven to support the formation of stable responsibility character in early childhood. Keywords: Parenting, Character, Responsibility Abstrak Pembentukan karakter tanggung jawab pada anak usia dini merupakan aspek penting yang tidak dapat dipisahkan dari peran orang tua dalam proses pengasuhan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan pengaruh pola asuh orang tua terhadap pembentukan karakter tanggung jawab anak usia dini di lingkungan Desa Cikampek Barat, RW 18, Kabupaten Karawang. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif dengan teknik pengumpulan data berupa observasi dan wawancara terbuka. Subjek penelitian terdiri atas 5 anak usia dini usia 4-6 tahun beserta 5 orang tua sebagai informan utama. Keabsahan data diuji melalui teknik triangulasi, sedangkan analisis data dilakukan menggunakan model analisis interaktif Miles dan Huberman yang mencakup tiga tahapan, yaitu reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pola asuh yang diterapkan orang tua tidak bersifat tunggal, melainkan bervariasi sesuai dengan kebiasaan dan pola komunikasi dalam 842 Lisensi Creative Commons Atribusi 4.0 Internasional keluarga. Dua pola asuh yang dominan ditemukan adalah pola asuh demokratis dan pola asuh otoriter. Anak yang diasuh dengan pola demokratis menunjukkan perkembangan karakter tanggung jawab yang lebih optimal, ditandai dengan kemandirian, keterbukaan, dan kesadaran diri yang lebih tinggi. Sebaliknya, anak dengan pola asuh otoriter cenderung menunjukkan kepatuhan yang bersumber dari rasa takut, bukan dari pemahaman nilai tanggung jawab itu sendiri. Penelitian ini menegaskan bahwa pola asuh yang tepat, yang memadukan kehangatan, komunikasi efektif, dan pengawasan yang wajar, terbukti mendukung terbentuknya karakter tanggung jawab yang stabil pada anak usia dini. Kata kunci: Pola Asuh, Karakter, Tanggung Jawab INTRODUCTION Character development is a critical factor in shaping a child’s future; therefore, it must be instilled from an early age so that the values taught can have a positive impact on the child’s life in the future. In line with this, Fatimah et al. (2025) state that effective character development makes a significant and lasting contribution to the long-term improvement of an individual’s quality of life. In this regard, Uce (2017) notes that parenting styles play a crucial role as the primary environmental factor influencing a child’s character development. Similarly, Sukamto and Fauziah (2021) add that parenting styles also serve as a child’s first education, as it is through them that children first encounter the world, being born into a family environment and raised by their parents. To raise children who are dutiful toward their parents, parents must also take responsibility for creating a positive environment for their children, as children spend the majority of their lives within the family environment. Given this, the family plays a vital role in shaping a child’s personality and character. Indirectly, all of a child’s behaviors are under the parents’ control, and every attitude the child displays is always observed by the parents (Tobing & Nurjannah, 2024). In this regard, Baumrind (1991) states that all forms and processes of interaction between parents and children influence the child’s personality and behavioral development. Furthermore, parenting is a system or method by which parents educate, care for, and guide their children in accordance with the parenting style they adopt, aiming to provide the best possible environment so that children can grow and develop in line with their parents’ expectations (Nasution et al., 2024). Therefore, parents must provide sufficient stimulation for their children, as a lack of stimulation can hinder a child’s development in various aspects, such as social skills, language, and fine and gross motor skills. In line with this, Candra (as cited in Sukamto & Fauziah, 2021) states that parental care for their children can influence the formation of the child’s character and behavior. On the other hand, the application of appropriate parenting styles that align with the child’s needs enables the child to receive positive support (Sukamto & Fauziah, 2021). Fundamentally, every parent possesses diverse communication styles, ranging from gentle, cautious, and communicative approaches to those that tend to be firm, aggressive, and passive. Therefore, parents need to be wise in their communication and behavior, as this indirectly exerts a significant influence on the 843 child’s development. Thus, parents play a crucial role in shaping a child’s character, for no one understands the child’s condition and needs better than the parents themselves (Tokolang et al., 2022). Elan and Handayani (2023) explain that there are three parenting styles: authoritarian parenting, democratic parenting, and permissive parenting. Authoritarian parenting is a style that demands children strictly follow parental commands, without allowing them space to exp (...truncated)