A wide variety of chiral non-collinear spin textures have been discovered and have unique properties that make them highly interesting for technological applications. However, many of these are found in complex materials and only in a narrow window of temperature. Here, we show the formation of Néel-type skyrmions in thin layers of simple ferromagnetic alloys, namely Co-Al and Co...
The antagonistic pleiotropy theory of aging predicts genetic trade-offs between early-life and late-life fitness. However, empirical evidence for such trade-offs in vertebrates remains scarce, particularly from causal genetic experiments. Here, combining genetic perturbation with longitudinal phenotyping in the turquoise killifish (Nothobranchius furzeri), we identify vestigial...
Human single-strand-selective monofunctional uracil DNA glycosylase 1 (hSMUG1) removes uracil, 5-hydroxymethyluracil (5hmU) and 5-fluorouracil (5FU) from DNA, thereby initiating the base excision repair (BER) process. hSMUG1 is important for maintaining genomic integrity and plays a significant role in cancer biology. Here, we present the structures of hSMUG1, including complexes...
A large subset of fishes capable of terrestrial walking exhibit strikingly similar gaits despite spanning across the phylogenetic space and having substantial differences in morphology. This recurrent pattern suggests the existence of shared mechanical principles underlying locomotor convergence. To investigate these principles, we analyze a common strategy we term the...
Effective regulation of information diffusion in complex social systems requires balancing containment and intervention cost, yet how network community structure interacts with targeted interventions remains unclear. We develop a community structure-regulation coupling framework (COSREF) that integrates community structure with process-level regulation of transmission and show...
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) affects ~14% of pregnancies and increases maternal type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) risk. The GenDiP Consortium presents trans-generational, multi-ancestry genome-wide association study meta-analyses of GDM and pregnancy glycemic traits in up to 38,305 GDM cases and 776,145 controls. We identify 37 GDM-associated loci (7 novel) and five novel...
Stereoselective polymerization has long been a central research focus in polymer science because tacticity plays a crucial role in regulating the physical properties and functions of vinyl polymers. However, synthetic strategies that enable control over both isotacticity and syndiotacticity remain limited. Herein, we report an impact of an intramolecular non-classical hydrogen...
Anticipating critical transitions and identifying bifurcation types in complex systems remains a major challenge due to high dimensionality and limited labeled data. In this study, we propose spatial-to-temporal auto reservoir computing, a self-supervised approach of reservoir computing designed to detect early warning signals of critical transitions and identify the...
The melanocortin system plays a central role in regulating hunger and satiety, making it an attractive target for treating metabolic disease. However, the limited clinical success of selective melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) agonists has prompted investigation into whether concurrent melanocortin-3 receptor (MC3R) and MC4R activation may more effectively engage this pathway for...
Sub-micrometer light patterns play a pivotal role in biology, biophysics, and AMO physics, yet their in situ characterization is limited in spatial resolution and sensitivity. Here, we present an atom camera with a single ultracold atom in an optical tweezer as a scanning probe. Measuring the energy shift on the spin states with the long coherence time and polarization-sensitive...
Childhood cancer survivors are at high risk for treatment-related chronic health conditions. How much of this risk can be attributed to lifestyle is not known. In this study, we assess associations between lifestyle and a range of chronic health conditions and estimate lifestyle-specific population attributable fractions for chronic health conditions in survivors and compare them...
Generation of quasi-monoenergetic ions by intense laser is one of long-standing goals in laser-plasma physics. However, existing laser-driven ion acceleration schemes often produce broad energy spectra and limited control over ion species. Here we propose the acceleration mechanism, boosted Coulomb explosion, initiated by a standing wave, which is formed in a pre-expanded plasma...
Coccolithophores contribute 20-80% of the open ocean’s total calcite production, playing a pivotal role in the marine carbon cycle. Links between environment, coccolithophore physiology and calcite production remain unclear due to challenges in extrapolating culture experiments to sedimentary nannofossil records. Here, we develop a framework to reconstruct physiology and calcite...
Ergosteryl-3β-O-L-aspartate synthase (ErdS) catalyzes tRNA-dependent aspartylation of ergosterol, a lipid essential for fungal cell membrane integrity. However, the functional significance of ergosteryl-aspartate and the molecular mechanisms underlying its synthesis remain unclear. Here, we show that ErdS localization is highly dynamic and that Erg-Asp is required for proper...
Recently, intracellular thermometry has revealed temperature variations within cells. Although the biological significance of intracellular temperature change is recognized, the physical principles of intracellular temperature change remain a mystery. Here, we investigate intracellular heat transfer through intracellular temperature mapping using a fluorescent polymeric...
Lipidomics, a rapidly evolving discipline at the interface of biology and analytical chemistry, seeks to comprehensively characterize the lipid composition of biological systems. Driven by advances in mass spectrometry, chromatography and computational analysis, lipidomics has enabled the high-resolution mapping of lipid networks and their functional dynamics across molecular...
While simple spin-boson models have been realized on quantum hardware, simulating extended electronic networks with local vibrational environments remains a fundamental challenge in the presence of non-equilibrium, long-lived electronic-vibrational (vibronic) coherence. We present a framework for the digital-analog simulation of open quantum systems governed by Hamiltonians with...
Geometrical frustration on triangular lattice is expected to exhibit diverse quantum spin and electronic states endowed with emergent electromagnetic phenomena. The all-in-all-out (AIAO)-type antiferromagnetic spin structure is one such example, possessing the scalar spin chirality that generates giant emergent magnetic field with vanishingly small magnetization. Here, we report...
Pangenome projects have enhanced our understanding of human genomic and genetic diversity, but repetitive regions are still challenging to assemble and yet medically important. Here we generate 20 near-complete haplotypes from 10 Japanese male individuals using three complementary long-read and long-range datasets and construct a pangenome graph from these haplotype-resolved...