Community Centers were first established in 1932. In 1940, Community Offices started to be established in small and modest settlements where the Community Houses cannot be established. These institutions are subsidiaries of CHP. Therefore, they are ideological institutions. The aim of the Community Houses was to create a western, revolutionary, democratic, republican, secular and...
Shortly after the opening of Turkey’s Grand National Assembly and the government established the first Parliament has addressed the administration’s War of Independence. Five governments served during the National Struggle period. In this period, while governments struggled for independence, they also worked on regulating administrative division and civil service. In this context...
From the first days of the National Struggle, turkish intellectuals and administrators thought over various ways of liberation against the occupation of the Ottoman lands by the allied powers. The aim of Mustafa Kemal was focused on how they could get help and support from Bolshevik Russia with reference to the view that the country could only be liberated with an armed...
The increasing social movements in the world in recent years aim to eliminate the problems that exist in issues such as freedom, equality and justice and create a compelling agenda for the current administrations to implement social reforms. The popular uprisings that started in North African countries since 2011 witnessed unexpected changes in the world, and power changes in...
The turbulent events in the Middle East forced the world’s leading states (USA, Russia, England, France) to rehandle their policies. Sometimes they supported one or the other. It was a particularly difficult situation for the USA. It remained among NATO ally Turkey on one side, Assad on the other side and the PYD forces against Turkey. As for Russia, it also showed that it was...
The Democrat Party (DP), which came to power with the 1950 General Elections, also succeeded in the 1954 elections. After the 1957 elections, Confrontations started in government and opposition relations throughout the country. The economic policy implemented by the government in 1958 led to the start of financial difficulties. This situation triggered the opposition. In October...
The revenues granted as a living in the Ottoman timar system were divided into three, namely, has, zeamet and timar. There were many varieties of has revenues grants, including royal revenues grants, revenue grants given to dynasty women, veziers and commandants, and other senior officials. Has revenue grants were fed from many tax sources in the provinces of Rumelia and Anatolia...
During the period when the Abbasid State was in crisis political and economic terms in 945, the Shia Buwayhid State’s seizured Baghdad and thus Sunni-Shiite conflict intensified in the Islamic world. A number of practices that are in contradiction with the People of the Sunnah Buwayhids in Baghdad, the Ahl al-Sunnah of Egypt, and the Fatimids in Syria have led to sectarian...
Among the resources of the Ottoman State history, Şer’iye Registries written by kadi (Muslim judges) have a significant place. One type of the documents involved and has importance in these registries that is also called kadi records is tereke registries. What is left from the deceased as an inheritance is called “tereke”, and in Arabic “terike” or “tirke”. Tereke registries of...
Harran, mentioned in the historical records since the primeval era, is a city that has hosted great civilizations. It was invaded many times by different nations and states as it was a center of attention. Harran gained a prominent place in the historical records as it was situated in the region where existed a rival between the super powers of medieval ages that are Roman and...
State yearbooks as an extension of “salname” tradition in Ottoman Empire to Republic of Turkey, contain important information as a tool for communication between the center and the provinces. The provincial yearbooks also provide information on the administrative, demographic and socio-economic status of the provinces, such as the state yearbooks. In addition to the information...
The historical novel, which takes its subject from history and important figures in history, presents the background culture of events, the effect of time and space on events and characters in aesthetic language, rather than presenting a historical book to the reader in a uniform manner. For this reason, historical novels become an important tool in history learning. Although he...
Information about Khayzurān’s (d. 173/789) past is quite insufficient and closed. She came to the Abbāsī palace in Baghdad as a concubine during the time of Mahdī (d. 169/785). With the help of her intelligence and dominant character she quickly caught the attention of the caliph Mahdī and managed to become his wife. After being the wife of the caliph she started to join the...
In this study, it is aimed to analyze the effects of international finance capital on Ottoman economy in terms of the debt management of Ottoman Public Debt Administration. The integration of Ottoman economy with the world economy had been accelerated by international trade based on petty commodity production in agriculture. The internationalization of financial capital had been...
The Albanian-Austro-Hungarian political relations in the years of World War I are an important element for the economic, social, cultural and educational situation of the Albanians in Southeast Europe. The Austro-Hungarian Empire, as one of the most interested in the geography and the Albanian issue, especially at the beginning of the 20th century, in accordance with its...
Osman Hamdi Bey is a multi-faceted person, a contemporary and forward-thinking painter. He made important contributions to the Ottoman painting art and institutionalization of art education. His studies of archeology and art, although the effect of the last period of the Ottoman Empire, the Turkish Republic was also very important to provide vital contributions, has left...
One of the members of the first German military committee sent to te Ottoman Empire as a result of the Ottoman-German rapprochment during the reigon of Abdulhamit the 2nd was Cavalry Captain Von Hobe. Like the other officers serving the Ottomans and promoted to higher ranks Von hobe Pasha made a name for himself due to his activities related to Istabl-ı Amire (The Imperial...
The Christian rayah, who peacefully lived together with Muslim subjects in the Ottoman Empire for centuries, were organized within a structure called the Ottoman Millet (Nation) system managed by the patriarchs. Non-Muslim subjects of the Ottoman Empire had to follow their own spiritual leaders and obey the rules of their own millet in many legal areas including marriage, divorce...
The purpose of this paper is to expose an insider view of Modern Egypt in the fifties and sixties by the Egyptian writer Waguih Ghali’s Beer in the Snooker Club (1964) which is a semi-autobiographical novel written in English and an outsider view of Egypt written three decades after Ghali in Amitav Ghosh’s In an Antique Land (1992). Shedding a light to the struggles of the...
In literary criticism the new historicist theory represents “a return to history.” But this turn of history offers an alternative understanding of history. According to this new understanding, history is not objective as it is reshaped according to the point of view of the person who wrote it. New Historicism refuses the idea of history as a clearly available, unitary and linear...
In this study, we examined the novel, Satyricon which was written between 60-66 AD. by Petronius (Arbiter) Niger, who was responsible for the arrangement of the feasts of Emperor Nero. The section titled Cena Trimalchionis between 26-78. paragraphs, which describes an extremely ostentatious and extravagant dinner was also examined in the context of the socio-political realities...
In this article; guild type organizations in the Ottoman Empire, Europe and China will be handled with a comparative perspective in XV. and XVI. centuries The guild institution is a common structure in all three regions with different geographical, political, economic, religious and cultural characteristics. Starting from the reasons underlying the emergence of the guilds in...
The Rambouillet Conference (February-March 1999) is the most serious and successful effort of the International Community to end the Kosovo War. This paper provides details on the commitment and determination of US foreign policy to end the war and achieve peace between the parties to the conflict. The fight between the KLA and Serbian forces, especially the massacre of 45...
The first Aleppo governor of the Seljuks, Qasim al-Dawla Aq-sonqur b. el-Turgan’s son Imad al-Din Zangi, gained administrative experience in Vasıt, Basra and Baghdad and emerged with his courage and heroism. When the governor of Mosul, Ak-Sunqur al-Porsuqi, was killed, Imad al-Din was brought to the throne of his two sons and the governor of Mosul by the Iraqi Seljuk Sultan...
One of the most significant developments that marked the Turkish political life in the 1960s was the process of political metamorphosis and in the Republican People’s Party, the representative of the constitutive ideology of the country. CHP, which ran to libertarian speech as an opposition party beginning from 1953, adopted “Middle Left” as a new ideological definition in 1965...